Governance Challenges Amidst Post-Election Demonstrations in Tanzania

Introduction

In the wake of the recent general elections in Tanzania, the country has witnessed significant public demonstrations questioning the electoral outcomes. The re-election of President Samia Suluhu Hassan with a commanding 97.66% of the vote has sparked widespread unrest, leading to scrutiny from both local and international observers. This article aims to dissect the structural and institutional factors underlying these events without attributing blame to individual actions.

Background and Timeline

Following the announcement of the election results in October 2025, large-scale demonstrations erupted in several Tanzanian cities. The protests, which began peacefully, quickly escalated into violent confrontations between demonstrators and security forces on October 29. Official reports and witness accounts indicate that the use of live ammunition by security forces resulted in numerous fatalities.

Local media coverage has highlighted the concerns raised by various stakeholders about the transparency and fairness of the electoral process. The Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) has maintained that the election was conducted fairly, while opposition groups have called for international intervention and an independent investigation.

Stakeholder Positions

The government has emphasized the need for stability and upholding public order, insisting that the security measures taken were necessary to prevent further violence. The opposition, alongside civil society organizations, argues that the demonstrations were a legitimate expression of discontent with perceived electoral irregularities.

International bodies, including the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), have expressed concern over the reported use of force against journalists and protesters during the demonstrations, reflecting a broader call for adherence to human rights standards.

Regional Context

Tanzania's current predicament is reflective of broader regional trends where electoral processes often incite public demonstrations. The East African Community (EAC) has been monitoring the situation closely, as stability in Tanzania is crucial for regional economic and political cohesion.

What Is Established

• The re-election of President Samia Suluhu Hassan in October 2025 with 97.66% of the vote.
• Widespread demonstrations ensued following the election results.
• Incidents of violence were reported, with security forces using live ammunition.
• Concerns raised by international observers regarding human rights and media freedoms.
• Calls for independent investigation by opposition parties.

What Remains Contested

• The legitimacy and fairness of the electoral process remain disputed.
• The exact number of casualties and the circumstances leading to them are unclear.
• The motivations behind the security forces' response are subject to differing interpretations.
• International involvement and its potential impact on Tanzania's sovereignty are debated.

Institutional and Governance Dynamics

The Tanzanian elections have highlighted the challenges inherent in governance and institutional frameworks managing democratic processes. The electoral commission's role and independence are under scrutiny, raising questions about the regulatory architecture supporting electoral integrity. These events underline the need for robust institutional reforms that can foster greater transparency and accountability, while addressing public grievances through established channels.

Forward-Looking Analysis

Looking ahead, Tanzania faces the critical task of navigating these governance challenges to ensure stability and public trust in its institutions. Reforms focusing on strengthening electoral processes, enhancing transparency, and ensuring the protection of civil liberties will be paramount. Continued dialogue between the government, opposition, and civil society will be essential to forge a path towards national reconciliation and sustainable peace.